Item-context binding in language switching

Language-switching paradigms, in general, have been used to investigate language control (Meuter & Allport, 1999; see Declerck & Philipp, 2015 for a review on language switching and language control processes). In a given trial, using the same language as in the previous trial implies worse performance than repeating it. Previous experiments (Benini et al., in prep) found that such language repetition benefits can be modulated by switching versus repeating an irrelevant feature (the context henceforth). Specifically, when an irrelevant feature repeats from the previous trial, re-using the language yields larger benefits than when the context switches. In other words, language transition (repetition vs. switch) interacted with context transition. This is consistent with the idea that the context might be bound with the language and retrieve it in the following trial, improving performance when the language needs indeed to be repeated. In the present experiment, we want to measure whether the target can also be bound with the language and the context after only one presentation.