Supplementary material for: Are the effects of servant leadership only spurious? The state of research on the causal effects of servant leadership, recommendations, and an illustrative experiment
Author(s) / Creator(s)
Schowalter, Annika
Volmer, Judith
Abstract / Description
Causality is essential in informing science and policy. In the present study, we investigate the current state of research regarding causality in the field of servant (and authentic) leadership and provide recommendations on how causally identified studies can be conducted. After explaining the methodological problems that potentially prevent causal inferences (i.e., endogeneity bias and issues in experimental design), we provide two systematic literature reviews of servant and authentic leadership showing that these problems remain very prevalent. We then discuss two solutions on how causal effects of servant leadership or perceptions thereof can be established: randomized experiments and instrumental variable regression. To illustrate our recommendations, we report an experiment on the effect of a combination of two servant leadership dimensions (i.e., stewardship and authenticity) on follower performance and also investigate the effect of combined stewardship and authenticity perceptions using instrumental variable regression. The results do not indicate that combined stewardship and authenticity behavior or perceptions affect follower performance. Our study can serve as a roadmap, especially for servant leadership researchers, to address potential endogeneity and conduct causally identified research.
Keyword(s)
servant leadership authentic leadership systematic review experiment instrumental variable estimationPersistent Identifier
Date of first publication
2023-07-28
Publisher
PsychArchives
Is referenced by
Citation
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Schowalter&Volmer2023_SupplementalMaterial_S1-S2.pdfAdobe PDF - 242.51KBMD5: c77de95bdfd727f12d14b34632594dc0Description: Supplemental material S1-S2
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Schowalter&Volmer2023_Decoding schemes.pdfAdobe PDF - 199.38KBMD5: 439a5ff42e02cb29e95ef6e4133df412Description: Experimental task: Decoding schemes
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Schowalter&Volmer2023_Tasks_Solutions.pdfAdobe PDF - 152.02KBMD5: 4b9bb2f34698c1962cb77514d43f6d25Description: Experimental task: Codes and solutions
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Schowalter&Volmer2023_IVregression_how_to.pdfAdobe PDF - 368.33KBMD5: 092ac39f4f7e92713ff5145a3a1e1808Description: Instrumental variable regression - R code and annotated output
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There are no other versions of this object.
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Schowalter, Annika
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Volmer, Judith
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PsychArchives acquisition timestamp2023-07-28T15:51:57Z
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Made available on2023-07-28T15:51:57Z
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Date of first publication2023-07-28
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Abstract / DescriptionCausality is essential in informing science and policy. In the present study, we investigate the current state of research regarding causality in the field of servant (and authentic) leadership and provide recommendations on how causally identified studies can be conducted. After explaining the methodological problems that potentially prevent causal inferences (i.e., endogeneity bias and issues in experimental design), we provide two systematic literature reviews of servant and authentic leadership showing that these problems remain very prevalent. We then discuss two solutions on how causal effects of servant leadership or perceptions thereof can be established: randomized experiments and instrumental variable regression. To illustrate our recommendations, we report an experiment on the effect of a combination of two servant leadership dimensions (i.e., stewardship and authenticity) on follower performance and also investigate the effect of combined stewardship and authenticity perceptions using instrumental variable regression. The results do not indicate that combined stewardship and authenticity behavior or perceptions affect follower performance. Our study can serve as a roadmap, especially for servant leadership researchers, to address potential endogeneity and conduct causally identified research.en
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Publication statusunknownen
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Review statuspeerRevieweden
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Persistent Identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12034/8528
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Persistent Identifierhttps://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.13030
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Language of contenteng
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PublisherPsychArchivesen
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Is referenced byhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101722
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Is related tohttps://www.psycharchives.org/handle/20.500.12034/8526
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Is related tohttps://www.psycharchives.org/handle/20.500.12034/8527
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Is related tohttps://www.psycharchives.org/handle/20.500.12034/8529
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Is related tohttps://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12501
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Is related tohttps://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.6680
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Keyword(s)servant leadershipen
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Keyword(s)authentic leadershipen
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Keyword(s)systematic reviewen
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Keyword(s)experimenten
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Keyword(s)instrumental variable estimationen
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Dewey Decimal Classification number(s)150
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TitleSupplementary material for: Are the effects of servant leadership only spurious? The state of research on the causal effects of servant leadership, recommendations, and an illustrative experimenten
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DRO typeotheren